See surpa on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "surpa",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surper",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surpor",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surpene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surpone",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "surpa f (definite singular surpa, indefinite plural surper or surpor, definite plural surpene or surpone)",
"name": "nn-noun-f2/2012"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "sørpe"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Nynorsk weak feminine nouns ending in -a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "51 14 12 11 7 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 11 10 18 6 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of sørpe"
],
"id": "en-surpa-nn-noun-ZXKwcKGZ",
"links": [
[
"sørpe",
"sørpe#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(pre-1938) alternative form of sørpe"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "surpa"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "rupes",
"4": "",
"5": "cliff"
},
"expansion": "Latin rupes (“cliff”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "surpu",
"3": "surpu, surpari"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian surpu, surpari",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "dirupare"
},
"expansion": "Italian dirupare",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a Vulgar Latin root *subrūpāre, from Latin rupes (“cliff”). Compare Aromanian surpu, surpari, old Abruzzese dialect surrupare, Sicilian sdirupari. Compare also Italian dirupare, Galician and Portuguese derrubar, Spanish derribar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "a surpa 1st conjugation",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "surpă",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surpat",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "surpe",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-conj-a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a surpa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "surpând",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "surpat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "surp",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surpi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surpă",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surpăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "surpați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surpă",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surpam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surpai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surpa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surpam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surpați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surpau",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surpai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surpași",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surpă",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surparăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surparăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surpară",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surpasem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surpaseși",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surpase",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surpaserăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surpaserăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surpaseră",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să surp",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să surpi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să surpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să surpăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să surpați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să surpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surpă",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surpați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nu surpa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nu surpați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surupa",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"archaic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "surpă",
"2": "surpat",
"3": "surpe"
},
"expansion": "a surpa (third-person singular present surpă, past participle surpat, third-person subjunctive surpe) 1st conjugation",
"name": "ro-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-conj-a"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 13 30 20 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 27 16 16 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian verbs in 1st conjugation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to cave in, collapse"
],
"id": "en-surpa-ro-verb-ZTXLOUbH",
"links": [
[
"cave in",
"cave in"
],
[
"collapse",
"collapse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive) to cave in, collapse"
],
"tags": [
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 13 30 20 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 27 16 16 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian verbs in 1st conjugation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to make cave in"
],
"id": "en-surpa-ro-verb-~uSw7OUY",
"links": [
[
"cave in",
"cave in"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to make cave in"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 13 30 20 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 27 16 16 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian verbs in 1st conjugation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to collapse due to erosion"
],
"id": "en-surpa-ro-verb-lRWb8b7E",
"links": [
[
"collapse",
"collapse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive) to collapse due to erosion"
],
"tags": [
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 13 30 20 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 27 16 16 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian verbs in 1st conjugation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to bring to an erosion-induced collapse"
],
"id": "en-surpa-ro-verb-LjlgqQEh",
"links": [
[
"collapse",
"collapse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to bring to an erosion-induced collapse"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to bring down from a position of power"
],
"id": "en-surpa-ro-verb-X-ITlfnP",
"links": [
[
"bring down",
"bring down"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete, figurative) to bring down from a position of power"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "surpa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "surpa",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surper",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surpor",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surpene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surpone",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "surpa f (definite singular surpa, indefinite plural surper or surpor, definite plural surpene or surpone)",
"name": "nn-noun-f2/2012"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "sørpe"
}
],
"categories": [
"Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Nynorsk feminine nouns",
"Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas",
"Norwegian Nynorsk nouns",
"Norwegian Nynorsk weak feminine nouns ending in -a",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of sørpe"
],
"links": [
[
"sørpe",
"sørpe#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(pre-1938) alternative form of sørpe"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "surpa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian terms derived from Latin",
"Romanian terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Romanian terms inherited from Latin",
"Romanian terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
"Romanian verbs",
"Romanian verbs in 1st conjugation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "rupes",
"4": "",
"5": "cliff"
},
"expansion": "Latin rupes (“cliff”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "surpu",
"3": "surpu, surpari"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian surpu, surpari",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "dirupare"
},
"expansion": "Italian dirupare",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a Vulgar Latin root *subrūpāre, from Latin rupes (“cliff”). Compare Aromanian surpu, surpari, old Abruzzese dialect surrupare, Sicilian sdirupari. Compare also Italian dirupare, Galician and Portuguese derrubar, Spanish derribar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "a surpa 1st conjugation",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "surpă",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surpat",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "surpe",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-conj-a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a surpa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "surpând",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "surpat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "surp",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surpi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surpă",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surpăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "surpați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surpă",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surpam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surpai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surpa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surpam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surpați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surpau",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surpai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surpași",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surpă",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surparăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surparăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surpară",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surpasem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surpaseși",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surpase",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surpaserăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surpaserăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surpaseră",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să surp",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să surpi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să surpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să surpăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să surpați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să surpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surpă",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surpați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nu surpa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nu surpați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surupa",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"archaic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "surpă",
"2": "surpat",
"3": "surpe"
},
"expansion": "a surpa (third-person singular present surpă, past participle surpat, third-person subjunctive surpe) 1st conjugation",
"name": "ro-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-conj-a"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Romanian reflexive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to cave in, collapse"
],
"links": [
[
"cave in",
"cave in"
],
[
"collapse",
"collapse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive) to cave in, collapse"
],
"tags": [
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Romanian transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to make cave in"
],
"links": [
[
"cave in",
"cave in"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to make cave in"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Romanian reflexive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to collapse due to erosion"
],
"links": [
[
"collapse",
"collapse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive) to collapse due to erosion"
],
"tags": [
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Romanian transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to bring to an erosion-induced collapse"
],
"links": [
[
"collapse",
"collapse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to bring to an erosion-induced collapse"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Romanian terms with obsolete senses",
"Romanian transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to bring down from a position of power"
],
"links": [
[
"bring down",
"bring down"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete, figurative) to bring down from a position of power"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "surpa"
}
Download raw JSONL data for surpa meaning in All languages combined (8.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: pre-1938",
"path": [
"surpa"
],
"section": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "surpa",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: pre-1938",
"path": [
"surpa"
],
"section": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "surpa",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.